February 22, 2015

An ecological note on the Müller-Lyer illusion

The Müller-Lyer illusion

Are one of the lines longer, shorter or the same length as the other one?


Traditional psychology holds that perception is flawed, we see illusions because the underlying perceptual aspects of our experience need to be embellished, corrected, interpreted, etc, by our brain. While doing this we make mistakes. It is often posited as one of the major issues for ecological psychology to explain because it seems to invite cognition. After all, if all the information is detectable out in the environment, then why would we perceive the top line as shorter and the bottom one as longer?

Perceptual illusions in real life (not on paper or a screen) can quite easily be dealt with. We could argue that the we have not sampled enough of the available information in the ambient optic array, so we do that by locomotion and change of viewing angle. When we do, very many illusions are simply dispelled (Kennedy & Portal, 1990, or Michaels & Corello, 1981). In fact Michaels and Corello explains this very well; if we are in a desert, looking for water and see a mirage (which may or may not be water), it is right of us to investigate if it is or not, not doing so would be the wrong action to take. In the same way, they exemplify, could we be fooled by a hologram until we reach out to try and touch it.

Besides this point, the illusions that aren't able to be dispelled by simply exploring, are always images or videos on a screen or paper. Making them in part unexplorable. As for the Müller-Lyer illusion, it is at the same time simple but abstract forms. All the information given is what is there, but even looking at it now, knowing they are the same length, I still perceive them as different lengths. A solution that has been suggested elsewhere (lost the reference sorry) is that the top figure shows an enclosing space, if we were to reach our hand in, we would be more constrained than the bottom figure. The information is specifying a smaller versus a larger space.

Another assumption of traditional psychology is that (visual) perception works with the simplest aspects, lines, points, and that then there is a constructive process cognitively that puts things together into more and more complex constructions of what we perceive (into the full 3d-experience of the world). For a traditionalist then, there is no doubt it is an illusion, the lines are the same length, we perceive them to be different -our brain is playing tricks with us. From an ecological standpoint, it is impossible not to see the four end lines, you can't not perceive them when perceiving the end of the lines. Therefore, they matter.

It is fully possible that we actually don't perceive the "simplest" form and construct it, in fact, this is what ecological psychology says we don't do. The example comes from the Planimeter (Runeson). A mechanical, simple, device that can measure the area of irregular patches without knowing length, width or doing any computations. (For its full explanation, see here.) It thus measures a "higher order" thing, sqaure cm (or inch) without the "simpler" concepts. It is fully possible to conceive of the idea that we then simply cannot ignore the four end lines -they are not individual lines, they are a form that is important, in it's whole, to our perception of it. For this reason, it may just be so that the question "Are one of the lines shorter, longer or the same length as the other?" a silly question to ask. Because our perceptual system does not work on simple structure and construction, it is forcing us to do something that we simply don't do, and therefore do it poorly.

(Which unfortunately is not too uncommon in the traditional psychological literature.)

41 comments:


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    ReplyDelete
  19. I will say to the world to celebrate this great testimony with me, i never believe i can ever get my ex lover back one day. My story and thanksgiving goes to Dr kuta When my lover left me i never thought that i will be able to get he back after all he has put me through, But i am so happy that after the interference of Dr kuta i was able to get my lover back after 24 hours and i am proud to say that who ever need help in getting back his/her lover should contact Dr kuta on his email: drkutaherbalcenter@gmail.com this is why i also want to let everyone who is in need of help out there to also seek help from him so he can help you also. email him via:drkutaherbalcenter@gmail.com or WHATSAPP his Hot line: +2347054547814

    ReplyDelete
  20. Hi it's laa! 9 months ago my doctor told me I was diagnosed with HSV2. I was heart broken, However that same month i found a Dr. who helped me to cured the virus with natural herbal treatment permanently. thanks to Dr. omohan for his natural herbal treatment that eliminated this virus out in my body forever. his contact information for any incurable virus via; dromohanherbalmedicine@gmail.com or whatsapp him or call him through his phone number +2348164816038.    

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  23. All thanks to the great Priest Dr bow for helping me restore back my marriage when i taught all hope was lost.,this Priest helped me, and my relationship is now perfect. Contact for any spiritual work  (@Drbowsolutionhome1) Your partner will definitely love you email him Drbowsolutionhome@gmail.com or whatapp him +2348121786772

    ReplyDelete

  24. BEST ONLINE LOVE SPELL CASTER TO GET YOUR EX LOVER, HUSBAND, WIFE, GIRLFRIEND OR BOYFRIEND BACK. This is the site. I read about Doctor Murugu and contacted him to help me get my ex-boyfriend back to marry me during the month of May this year and I have come back here to post about him. Doctor Murugu will help you solve your problem no matter what you are going through. My name is Samara from the USA. Posting about a spell caster is very strange to me because I never believed i will be able to say that I was helped by a spell caster in bringing my ex-boyfriend back to me after 3 years of no contact. I read about Doctor Murugu from other websites and contacted him to help me and in less than 48 hours my ex-boyfriend called me and I was happy that he wants to get back to me. We met on Friday and he proposed to me,... It was the most beautiful ring. Please everyone out here, Contact Doctor Murugu to solve your problem for you and make you happy. you can contact him on email dr.makinidrmurugu@gmail.com
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  25. BEST ONLINE LOVE SPELL CASTER TO GET YOUR EX LOVER, HUSBAND, WIFE, GIRLFRIEND OR BOYFRIEND BACK. This is the site. I read about Doctor Murugu and contacted him to help me get my ex-boyfriend back to marry me during the month of May this year and I have come back here to post about him. Doctor Murugu will help you solve your problem no matter what you are going through. My name is Samara from the USA. Posting about a spell caster is very strange to me because I never believed i will be able to say that I was helped by a spell caster in bringing my ex-boyfriend back to me after 3 years of no contact. I read about Doctor Murugu from other websites and contacted him to help me and in less than 48 hours my ex-boyfriend called me and I was happy that he wants to get back to me. We met on Friday and he proposed to me,... It was the most beautiful ring. Please everyone out here, Contact Doctor Murugu to solve your problem for you and make you happy. you can contact him on email dr.makinidrmurugu@gmail.com
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  26. BEST ONLINE LOVE SPELL CASTER TO GET YOUR EX LOVER, HUSBAND, WIFE, GIRLFRIEND OR BOYFRIEND BACK. This is the site. I read about Doctor Murugu and contacted him to help me get my ex-boyfriend back to marry me during the month of May this year and I have come back here to post about him. Doctor Murugu will help you solve your problem no matter what you are going through. My name is Samara from the USA. Posting about a spell caster is very strange to me because I never believed i will be able to say that I was helped by a spell caster in bringing my ex-boyfriend back to me after 3 years of no contact. I read about Doctor Murugu from other websites and contacted him to help me and in less than 48 hours my ex-boyfriend called me and I was happy that he wants to get back to me. We met on Friday and he proposed to me,... It was the most beautiful ring. Please everyone out here, Contact Doctor Murugu to solve your problem for you and make you happy. you can contact him on email dr.makinidrmurugu@gmail.com
    whatsApp number +90 538 069 4285.
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    ReplyDelete

  27. BEST ONLINE LOVE SPELL CASTER TO GET YOUR EX LOVER, HUSBAND, WIFE, GIRLFRIEND OR BOYFRIEND BACK. This is the site. I read about Doctor Murugu and contacted him to help me get my ex-boyfriend back to marry me during the month of May this year and I have come back here to post about him. Doctor Murugu will help you solve your problem no matter what you are going through. My name is Samara from the USA. Posting about a spell caster is very strange to me because I never believed i will be able to say that I was helped by a spell caster in bringing my ex-boyfriend back to me after 3 years of no contact. I read about Doctor Murugu from other websites and contacted him to help me and in less than 48 hours my ex-boyfriend called me and I was happy that he wants to get back to me. We met on Friday and he proposed to me,... It was the most beautiful ring. Please everyone out here, Contact Doctor Murugu to solve your problem for you and make you happy. you can contact him on email dr.makinidrmurugu@gmail.com
    whatsApp number +90 538 069 4285.
    Website: http://drmuruguspells.com

    ReplyDelete

  28. BEST ONLINE LOVE SPELL CASTER TO GET YOUR EX LOVER, HUSBAND, WIFE, GIRLFRIEND OR BOYFRIEND BACK. This is the site. I read about Doctor Murugu and contacted him to help me get my ex-boyfriend back to marry me during the month of May this year and I have come back here to post about him. Doctor Murugu will help you solve your problem no matter what you are going through. My name is Samara from the USA. Posting about a spell caster is very strange to me because I never believed i will be able to say that I was helped by a spell caster in bringing my ex-boyfriend back to me after 3 years of no contact. I read about Doctor Murugu from other websites and contacted him to help me and in less than 48 hours my ex-boyfriend called me and I was happy that he wants to get back to me. We met on Friday and he proposed to me,... It was the most beautiful ring. Please everyone out here, Contact Doctor Murugu to solve your problem for you and make you happy. you can contact him on email dr.makinidrmurugu@gmail.com
    whatsApp number +90 538 069 4285.
    Website: http://drmuruguspells.com

    ReplyDelete
  29. I have been suffering from (HERPES) disease for the last four years and had constant pain, especially in my knees. During the first year, I had faith in God that I would be healed someday.This disease started to circulate all over my body and I have been taking treatment from my doctor, a few weeks ago I came on search on the internet if I could get any information concerning the prevention of this disease, on my search I saw a testimony of someone who has been healed from (Hepatitis B and Cancer) by this Man Dr. Silver and she also gave the email address of this man and advise we should contact him for any sickness that he would be of help, so I wrote to Dr. Silver telling him about my (HERPES Virus) he told me not to worry that I was going to be cured!! hmm i never believed it,, well after all the procedures and remedy given to me by this man few weeks later I started experiencing changes all over me as the Dr. assured me that I have cured, after some time i went to my doctor to confirmed if I have been finally healed behold it was TRUE, So friends my advice is if you have such sickness or any other at all you can email Dr. Silver (drsilverhealingtemple@gmail.com) sir I am indeed grateful for the help I will forever recommend you to my friends!!! with your lovely Email Address ( drsilverhealingtemple@gmail.com or whatsapp him on +2347032474849

    ReplyDelete
  30. Happiness is all i see now I never thought that I will be cured from HERPES virus again. I have been suffering from a deadly disease (HERPES) for the past 3 years now, I had spent a lot of money going from one places to another, from churches to churches, hospitals have been my home every day residence. Constant checks up have been my hobby not until this faithful day, I was searching through the internet, I saw a testimony on how DR agaba helped someone in curing his HERPES disease, quickly I copied his email which is Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com just to give him a test I spoke to him, he asked me to do some certain things which I did, he told me that he is going to provide the herbal cure to me, which he did, then he asked me to go for medical checkup after some days after using the herbal cure, behold I was free from the deadly disease, he only asked me to post the testimony through the whole world, faithfully am doing it now, please brothers and sisters, he is great, I owe him in return. if you are having a similar problem just email him on : Dragabasolutionhome@gmail.com or WhatApp: +2349074536486  

    ReplyDelete
  31. I was searching for help on the internet to get my ex husband back after he divorced me 5 months ago, i came across so many testimonies from different people and they are all talking about this wonderful man called Doctor silver on how he help them to save their marriage and relationships and i also contact him on his email (drsilverhealingtemple@gmail.com) and explain my problem to him and he did a nice job by helping me to get my divorced husband back within 48 hours.. I never believe that such things like this can be possible but now i am a living testimony to it because Doctor silver actually brought my lover back, If you are having any relationship problems why not contact Doctor silver for help via email: drsilverhealingtemple@gmail.com or whatsapp +2348123877102 Then i promise you that after 48 hours you will have reasons to celebrate like me.

    ReplyDelete
  32. i’m from UK. i have heard lots of stories about spell casters but never believed in them, not until recently when i had a problem with my husband who was cheating on me secretly. I tried all i could within my powers to stop him from seeing somebody outside but it yielded no good results. Then i read some posts of some persons about how DR KABAKA spells actually works, i read that he casts a variety of spells like LOVE SPELLS, GETTING EX BACK SPELLS, MONEY SPELLS, EMPLOYMENT SPELLS, VISION SPELLS and many others, just to mention a few. So i decided to try him out, but to my greatest surprise it worked out perfectly and what amazes me the most is that his spells are free. Now i and my husband are happy once again thanks to DR KABAKA. You can contact him at drkabakaspiritualtemple@gmail.com call or
    whatsapp him +2349015857861.

    ReplyDelete
  33. We are professional spell caster, we assist with different spiritual problems at affordable prices
    With 100% guarantee of result for your spell,
    Send a direct message now if you need assistance with any of the following :
    * if you need a strong Love spell
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    ReplyDelete
  34. My Story Today as my story is a very special and unique one as is not like the numerous advert you always see online and also I want to be 100% sincere and truthful to you that there can never be any other online spell caster that can help you bring back your EX BACK to you other than DR afrid DILAN as he alone is 100% effective,dynamic and very reliable as 99.9% of other spell casters are not for real and can never help you solve your problems at all instead they will complicate your present condition OK SO BE WISE AND ALSO BE WARNED AND CONTACT DR afrid DILAN TODAY. MY OWN LIFE STORY / EXPERIENCES IS BELOW:


    My Name is Mark Kelvin, From USA. I wish to share my testimonies with the general public about what this man called Dr afrid DILAN has just done for me , this man has just brought back my lost Ex WIFE to me with his great spell, I was married to this woman called Sharon we were together for a long time and we loved our self’s but when I was unable to make her pregnant for me and also give her al she needs she left me and told me she can’t continue anymore then I was now looking for ways to get her back until a friend of mine told me about this man and gave his contact email: drafridherbalhome11@gmail.com or what's app number +2349056072535 .... YOU CAN USE ANY OF THE EMAILS TO CONTACT HIM as you won't believe this when I contacted this man on my problems he prepared this spell cast and bring my lost WIFE back, and after a month she became pregnant for me because he gave me some herbs to take also and when she went for a test and the result stated that she was pregnant am happy today am a FATHER of a baby girl, thank you once again the great DR afrid DILAN for what you have done for me, if you are out there passing through any of this problems listed below:

    (1) If you want your ex back.
    (2) if you always have bad dreams.
    (3) You want to be promoted in your office.
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    (5) If you want a child/PREGNANCY SPELL.
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    (10)Stop Divorce
    (11) CURE TO ALL KIND OF SICKNESS/DISEASES HERE
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    (14) LOTTERY/LOTTO SPELL WINNING
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    (16) HAVE YOU BEEN SCAMMED BEFORE AND NEEDS TO RECOVER ALL THE DOLLARS/MONEY YOU LOST TO THESE FRAUDSTER ???.. CONTACT afrid DILAN AS HE HELPED MY FRIEND CALLED LEONARD CAPTAIN FROM USA TO RECOVER BACK THE SUM OF $300,000.00 DOLLARS HE LOST TO SCAMMERS ONLINE e-mail drafridherbalhome11@gmail.com or what's app number +2349056072535

    ReplyDelete
  35. How i Get my ex back with the help of Dr OYAKHIRE who help my sister to bring back his husband who left her and her kids to suffer for a year for no reason all her effort to try and reach him to no avail then a friend gave her the contact of Great Dr OYAKHIRE .so she mail him about her problem and he assure her that in 24hrs her husband who left her and the kids will come begging just has he said 24hrs later her husband called her asking her to forgive him that he can't explain why he left family to suffer am happy he is back with more love for my sister and the kids. If u are suffering from depression or any kind of problem you can contact him on whatsapp him+2347084100646 or email:oyakhirespelltemple@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  36. How i Get my ex back with the help of Dr OYAKHIRE who help my sister to bring back his husband who left her and her kids to suffer for a year for no reason all her effort to try and reach him to no avail then a friend gave her the contact of Great Dr OYAKHIRE .so she mail him about her problem and he assure her that in 24hrs her husband who left her and the kids will come begging just has he said 24hrs later her husband called her asking her to forgive him that he can't explain why he left family to suffer am happy he is back with more love for my sister and the kids. If u are suffering from depression or any kind of problem you can contact him on whatsapp him+2347084100646 or email:oyakhirespelltemple@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete

  37. INSTANT DEATH SPELL CASTER contact solutiontemple27@gmail.com

    I am very glad for what Dr Ikhile did for me, he help me to cast a death spell om my friend life who was really troubling my life and

    future, they never needed me to progress, each time I get a job from a company, I get drove back because of the witch craft friends I have,

    I never knew my friend was the one troubling me, until one day I contacted Dr Ikhile for help and he told me James my friend is the one

    troubling me and he help me to cast unto him a death spell. I am happy because James the evil doer is dead yesterday with the great death

    spell of Dr Ikhile contact him now if you need a death spell at: solutiontemple27@gmail.com

    Whatsapp:+27789518085

    ReplyDelete
  38. I Got My Ex Husband Back. .Am so excited share my testimony of a real spell caster
    who brought my husband back to me. My
    husband and I have been married for about 7
    yrs now. We werHowe happily married with two
    kids, a boy and a girl. 3 months ago, I
    started to notice some strange behavior from
    him and a few weeks later I found out that
    my husband is seeing someone else. He
    started coming home late from work, he
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    Sometimes he goes out and doesn't even come
    back home for about 2-3 days. I did all I
    could to rectify this problem but all to no
    avail. I became very worried and needed
    help. As I was browsing through the
    internet one day, I came across a website
    that suggested that dr afrid can help solve marital problems, restore broken
    relationships and so on. So, I felt I should give him a try. I contacted him and and told him my problems and he told me what to do and i did it and he did a spell for me. 48 hours later, my husband came to me and apologized for the wrongs he did and promise never to do it again. Ever since then, everything has returned back to
    normal. I and my family are living together
    happily again.. All thanks to Dr afrid jones
    Powerful Love Spell that really works. If
    you have any problem contact him and i
    guarantee you that he will help you. He
    will not disappoint you. Email him @ drafridherbalhome11@gmail.com you can also reach him on WHATSAPP at +23409056072535

    ReplyDelete

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